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Mustang & Dolpo · pilgrimage site

Muktinath

मुक्तिनाथ Chumig Gyatsa, 'Hundred Waters' (Tibetan)

Muktinath is a temple complex at about 3,710 m below the Thorong La, sacred to Hindus as the place of liberation of Vishnu and to Buddhists as Chumig Gyatsa, the 'Hundred Waters'. Pilgrims bathe under 108 spouts of icy water and visit a flame that burns over water. Jeeps reach the village of Ranipauwa from Jomsom in 1–1.5 hours.

  • Stay 1 nights
  • Best Mar – May · Sep – Nov
  • लेकLekh
Muktinath
Photo: Ironicfreak · CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons

The air at Muktinath

Altitude3,710 m41.9% of the way to 8,849 m
BeltLekhलेक · High hills: pasture, pine, the last fields
Each breath63%of the oxygen at sea level
Water boils87.4 °Cso dal takes longer here
vs Kathmandu-15.0 °Ctypical difference by height

Oxygen, boiling point and temperature are worked out from the standard atmosphere for 3,710 m; real days vary with weather.

Muktinath is one of the few places in Nepal where Hindus and Buddhists worship side by side at the same shrine, each by their own name. For Hindus it is Mukti Kshetra, the field of liberation, a Vaishnava temple counted among the 108 Divya Desam sacred to Vishnu, and one of the Char Dham of Nepal. For Tibetan Buddhists it is Chumig Gyatsa, the Hundred Waters, one of the 24 great tantric sites, linked to Guru Rinpoche, who is said to have meditated here on his way to Tibet.

The complex sits in a grove of trees on a slope above the village of Ranipauwa, at the head of the Muktinath valley and below the Thorong La pass (5,416 m). In front of the pagoda-roofed Vishnu temple, water from the hillside pours out of 108 spouts shaped like animal heads into a stone channel. Pilgrims run beneath all of them in turn, gasping in the cold, and then dip in the two small ponds in front of the shrine.

Nearby, a small Buddhist temple holds the miracle that has drawn pilgrims for centuries: a flame of natural gas burning beside a trickle of water, so that fire, water and earth appear together in one spot. Getting here is now easy by jeep from Jomsom, but the altitude is real. We recommend a night in Ranipauwa, or at least walking up from Kagbeni, to arrive in good shape. The temple will wait for you.

Why go

The 108 spouts

In front of the temple, 108 metal spouts shaped as animal heads pour icy water from the hillside into a stone channel. Pilgrims run under every one, then dip in the two small ponds in front of the shrine. Expect to be very cold for a few minutes.

The Vishnu shrine

A small pagoda-roofed temple holds the image of Vishnu as Muktinath, worshipped by Buddhists as Avalokiteshvara. Buddhist nuns tend the shrine; Hindu pilgrims offer tulsi, flowers and prayers. Photography of the image is not allowed inside.

The flame on water

In the Mharme Lhakhang, known to Hindus as the Jwala Mai temple, a small blue flame of natural gas burns beside running water under an altar. Look low and give your eyes time to adjust. It is the most quietly remarkable thing at Muktinath.

Ranipauwa village

The village below the temple, with lodges, pilgrim shops selling shaligrams, prayer beads and shawls, and horse hire for the climb to the shrine. Busy in the morning, quiet in the evening. Stay a night to see the temple without crowds at dawn.

Yartung horse festival

Each year around the full moon of August or early September, the Baragaun villages gather at Muktinath for Yartung, the festival of summer's end, with horse races, archery, dancing and drinking. A rare chance to see the local community in festival dress.

Views to Dhaulagiri

From the temple grounds and the slopes above Ranipauwa, look west down the Muktinath valley to Dhaulagiri and Tukuche Peak, with Jharkot's ruined dzong in the foreground. The light is best in early morning, before wind and dust build.

१The story of Muktinath

The field of liberation at the foot of the pass

Muktinath appears in Hindu texts as Saligrama, the place of the shaligram stones, and the Vishnu Purana's Gandaki Mahatmya praises the river and its sacred stones. Tamil Vaishnava poets, the Alvars, sang of Vishnu here as early as the 7th–9th centuries; Periyalvar called him the Lord of Saligramam, and Thirumangai Alvar, who could not reach the shrine, composed ten verses from afar. This is why so many pilgrims from Tamil Nadu and the rest of South India make the long journey to a temple near the Tibetan border.

For Tibetan Buddhists the site has a different story. Guru Rinpoche, Padmasambhava, is believed to have stopped here on his way to Tibet in the 8th century and meditated. Buddhists honour the image in the main shrine as Avalokiteshvara, and the area is venerated as an abode of Taras and dakinis, the female 'sky dancers'. Before he left, it is said, he made a statue in his own likeness, now kept in the Mharme Lhakhang, the temple of the flame.

Today the shrine is tended by Buddhist nuns, who are regarded locally as dakinis themselves, while Hindu priests and pilgrims perform their own rites. In spring and autumn the lanes of Ranipauwa fill with Nepali and Indian pilgrims, many of them older people who have saved for years for this journey. Each August or September, the Baragaun communities hold the Yartung festival here, with horse races on the meadows. The two faiths and the village festival share the same ground without fuss.

२The legend
As it is told · मुक्तिनाथ

Hindu belief holds that Vishnu attained liberation here and is worshipped as Muktinath, the Lord of Liberation, and that bathing under the 108 spouts washes away the sins of a lifetime. Tibetan Buddhists tell that Guru Rinpoche meditated at Chumig Gyatsa on his way to Tibet and blessed the springs, and that the flame burning over water in the Mharme Lhakhang shows that the five elements meet here. Pilgrims of both faiths see the flame as proof that the place is holy.

३The people

Who lives here

Ranipauwa and the villages of the Muktinath valley, including Jharkot, Khingar, Purang and Chhyonkhar, belong to the Baragaun communities, who speak a Tibetan dialect and Nepali, follow Tibetan Buddhism and farm barley, buckwheat and apples. Many now run lodges, shops and horse hire for pilgrims. Buddhist nuns tend the main shrine. In season, Hindu priests, sadhus and pilgrims from India and Nepal fill the village.

Local name: Chumig Gyatsa, 'Hundred Waters' (Tibetan)

४Words you will hear
Nepali
मुक्ति
mukti

liberation from the cycle of rebirth; Muktinath is its lord

Nepali
धारा
dhara

water spout; Muktinath has 108 of them

Tibetan
སྐོར་ར
kora

walking clockwise around a holy place as an act of devotion

Every word on this site

५What to eat

Tibetan bread with honey

Tibetan bread is a round of dough fried until puffed and golden, eaten hot with honey, jam or a boiled egg. In Ranipauwa every lodge makes it for breakfast before pilgrims walk up to the temple. It is filling, cheap and very welcome on a cold morning at 3,700 m.

६Few people know

Things most guides leave out

Muktinath is one of the 108 Divya Desam, the Vishnu temples praised in the Tamil Vaishnava canon, and one of eight Svayam Vyakta Kshetras, where Vishnu is believed to have appeared on his own. That is why South Indian pilgrims travel thousands of kilometres to reach it.

Wikipedia: Muktinath

The Buddhist nuns who tend the Muktinath shrine are regarded locally as dakinis, and are said to descend from women taught by Padmasambhava during his stay. They also look after the statue of him kept in the Mharme Lhakhang.

Wikipedia: Muktinath

Muktinath is also a Shakta site, counted among the Shakti pithas associated with the goddess Sati. Its goddess is addressed as Gandaki Chandi, and its Bhairav as Chakrapani.

Wikipedia: Muktinath

Untold Nepal, region by region

Getting there

How to reach Muktinath

Road

Jeeps and buses run Jomsom–Ranipauwa (≈ 22 km) in about 1–1.5 hours. From Pokhara it is ≈ 180 km and a long day of 9–10 hours by jeep via Beni and Jomsom. From Ranipauwa, it is a 10–15 minute walk up steps to the temple; horses can be hired.

Air

Fly Pokhara–Jomsom (about 20 minutes, mornings only), then take a jeep. Helicopter charters fly from Pokhara or Kathmandu direct to Muktinath for pilgrims short of time; the abrupt altitude gain makes this risky for some people, so ask a doctor first.

On foot

Walk 4–5 hours up from Kagbeni via Khingar and Jharkot, the best way to acclimatise. On the Annapurna Circuit, trekkers descend to Muktinath from the Thorong La (5,416 m), a 6–8 hour day from Thorong Phedi or High Camp.

Where to stay

Ranipauwa, just below the temple, has dozens of lodges and small hotels, from basic pilgrim rooms to warm guesthouses with attached bathrooms and heated dining rooms. Standards are simple, and hot water can run out in busy weeks. We choose family-run lodges close to the temple path so older guests walk less. Many pilgrims visit Muktinath as a day trip and sleep in Jomsom at Shinta Mani Mustang or Om's Home, or in Kagbeni at the Red House Lodge, which is lower and kinder for the first night.

Local tips

  • Do not drive straight up from Pokhara or Kathmandu in one go; sleep in Jomsom or Kagbeni first if you can.
  • Bring a towel and a full change of warm clothes if you plan to bathe under the 108 spouts.
  • Visit at dawn, when the shrine is quiet and the light on Dhaulagiri is best, before the wind and the day-trippers.
  • Remove shoes before entering the shrines, walk clockwise and do not photograph the main image.
  • Older pilgrims can hire a horse from Ranipauwa to the temple gate; agree the price before setting off.

On the map

Muktinath and what is near it

Map of Muktinath, Kagbeni, Jomsom, LubraIndiaChinaNepalGandakiMuktinath1MuktinathKagbeni2KagbeniJomsom3JomsomLubra4Lubra50 kmN
  1. 1Muktinath
  2. 2Kagbeni
  3. 3Jomsom
  4. 4Lubra
Drawn by Book Nepal Trip from Natural Earth outlines (public domain). International borders as depicted by Nepal. Rivers: Karnali, Gandaki and Koshi systems. Not for navigation.

Trips

Trips that stop in Muktinath

Questions

Muktinath: what travellers ask

How do I reach Muktinath from Pokhara?

Fly from Pokhara to Jomsom (about 20 minutes, mornings only), then take a jeep to Ranipauwa (about 1–1.5 hours) and walk 10–15 minutes up to the temple. By road, Pokhara to Muktinath is about 180 km and 9–10 hours by jeep via Beni and Jomsom. We recommend a night in Jomsom or Kagbeni on the way up.

What is the altitude of Muktinath?

The temple stands at about 3,710 m; some sources give up to 3,800 m for the upper complex. Ranipauwa, the village below, is around 3,700 m. That is high enough for altitude sickness, especially if you arrive quickly by jeep or helicopter. Rest on arrival, drink water, avoid alcohol and descend if symptoms worsen.

Do Indian citizens need a permit for Muktinath?

Indian citizens do not need a visa for Nepal, but do need an ACAP permit at the SAARC rate (NPR 1,000) to enter the Annapurna Conservation Area, arranged in Kathmandu or Pokhara. No restricted area permit is needed for Muktinath. Carry your passport or voter ID. Check current status before you travel, as fees and rules change.

Why is Muktinath sacred to both Hindus and Buddhists?

Hindus revere Muktinath as a place where Vishnu grants liberation, one of the 108 Divya Desam and one of Nepal's Char Dham. Tibetan Buddhists call it Chumig Gyatsa, one of 24 tantric sites, where Guru Rinpoche meditated, and honour the image as Avalokiteshvara. Buddhist nuns tend the shrine, and both faiths worship there.

Can I visit Muktinath in winter?

Yes, but it is hard. From December to February, nights at Ranipauwa drop to −10 °C or lower, snow can block the road and many lodges close or run with minimal staff. The temple stays open. If you go, travel with a flexible plan and warm gear. March to May and September to November are far easier.

How many days do I need for Muktinath?

From Pokhara, allow at least 3 days: fly to Jomsom and stay there or in Kagbeni, visit Muktinath on day 2 (or stay in Ranipauwa), and return on day 3. Add a spare day for flight delays. Walking up from Kagbeni and staying a night in Ranipauwa makes for a more relaxed, safer visit.

Is there a helicopter to Muktinath?

Yes. Charter helicopters fly pilgrims from Pokhara or Kathmandu to Muktinath, usually landing near Ranipauwa for a short visit before returning. They save time but take you from low altitude to about 3,700 m very quickly, which can cause altitude sickness. Ask your doctor first, keep the visit short and avoid exertion.

What should I wear at Muktinath temple?

Wear modest, warm clothes: long trousers or a long skirt, covered shoulders, and layers including a down jacket, hat and gloves. You remove shoes before entering the shrines, so warm socks help. If you plan to bathe under the 108 spouts, bring light clothes to bathe in, a towel and a full dry change.

Can older people visit Muktinath?

Yes, many pilgrims are in their sixties and seventies. The key is to go slowly: fly to Jomsom, rest a night, then go to Muktinath by jeep and hire a horse from Ranipauwa to the temple if needed. Anyone with heart or lung conditions should consult a doctor first, given the altitude of about 3,710 m.

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